STABILITY ANALYSIS OF A VIRAL IMMUNE RESPONSE
MODEL INVOLVING TWO TIME DELAYS
Fatima Boudchich1, Jaafar El Karkri1,
Rajae Aboulaich1, Vitaly Volpert2 1 Laboratory LERMA, Mohammadia School of Engineers
Mohammed V University in Rabat, Avenue Ibn Sina
B.P 765, Agdal Rabat 10090, MOROCCO 2 Institut Camille Jordan, UMR 5208 CNRS
University Lyon 1, 69622 Villeurbanne, FRANCE
and
Peoples Friendship University of Russia
(RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St.
Moscow, 117198, RUSSIAN Federation
We study the qualitative behaviour of the homogeneous in space solution of a two delays differential equation arising from an immune response mathematical model. We use the monotone dynamical systems framework. First, existence and smoothness of solutions are investigated. Then, sufficient conditions of the free-infection and the endemic equilibriums asymptotic stability are derived for different types of the function representing the efficiency of immune response-mediated virus elimination. Then, we use clinical data to calibrate the differential equation and illustrate the analytical results by numerical simulation with the obtained parameters values.
You will need Adobe Acrobat reader. For more information and free download of the reader, please follow this link.
References
[1] N. Bessonov, G. Bocharov, T.M. Touaoula, S. Trofimchuk and V. Volpert,
Delay reaction-diffusion equation for infection dynamics, Discrete and Continuous Dynamical Systems, Ser. B, 24, No 5 (2019), 2073-2091.
[2] G. Bocharov, A. Meyerhans, N. Bossonov, S. Trofimchuk and V. Volpert,
Modelling the dynamics of virus infection and immune response in space
and time, International Journal of Parallel, Emergent and Distributed Systems (2017), 1-15.
[3] G. Bocharov, Modelling the dynamics of LCMV infection in mice: conventional and exhaustive CTL responses. J. Theor. Biol., 192 (1998), 283-308.
[4] A. Bouchnita, G. Bocharov, A. Meyerhans and V. Volpert, Hybrid approach to model the spatial regulation of T cell responses, BMC Immunology, 18 (Suppl. 1), No 29 (2017), 11-22.
[5] F. Boudchich, J.E. Karkri and R. Aboulaich, Stability analysis of a delay
differential equation describing the antiviral immune response, International Journal of Dynamical Systems and Differential Equations, 13, No 1
(2023), 76-89.
[6] J. El Karkri, F. Boudchich, V. Volpert and R. Aboulaich, Stability analysis of a delayed immune response model to viral infection, Differential
Equations and Dynamical Systems (2022), 1–21.
[7] J. El Karkri and K. Niri, Stability analysis of a delayed SIS epidemiological model. Int. J.Dynamical Systems and Differential Equations, 6, No 2
(2016), 173-185.
[8] J. El Karkri and K. Niri, Global asymptotic stability of an SIS epidemic
model with variable population size and a delay, Int. J. Dynamical Systems
and Differential Equations, 7, No 4 (2017), 289-300.
[9] Z. Habli, S. Saleh, H. Zaraket and ML. Khraiche, COVID-19 in-vitro diagnostics: State-of-the-Art and challenges for Rapid, Scalable, and HighAccuracy Screening. Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol., 8 (2021), 605702; doi:
10.3389/fbioe.2020.605702.
[10] J.K. Hale and S.M. Verduyn Lunel, Introduction to Functional Differential
Equations, Springer Verlag, Berlin (1993).
[11] M. Hirsch, Systems of differential equations which are competitive or cooperative 1: Limit sets. SIAM Journal on Applied Mathematics, 13 (1982),
167-179.
[12] M. Hirsch, Systems of differential equations which are competitive or cooperative 1: limit sets, SIAM J. Appl. Math., 13 (1982), 167-179.
[13] M. Hirsch, Systems of differential equations which are competitive or cooperative II: convergence almost everywhere, SIAM J. Math. Anal., 16
(1985), 423-439.
[14] M. Hirsch, Stability and convergence in strongly monotone dynamical systems, Journal fur die Reine und Angewandte Mathematik, 383 (1988),
1-53.
[15] A.L. Jenner, R.A. Aogo, S. Alfonso, V. Crowe, X. Deng, A.P. Smith,
et al., COVID-19 virtual patient cohort suggests immune mechanisms
driving disease outcomes, PLoS Pathog, 17, No 7 (2021), e1009753;
doi:10.1371/journal. ppat.1009753.
[16] E. Kamke, Zur Theorie der Systeme gewöhnlicher Differentialgleichungen,
II (German), Acta Mathematica, 58, No 1 (1932), 57-85.
[17] M. Krasnoselskii, Positive Solutions of Operator Equations, Noordhoff,
Groningen (1964).
[18] M. Krasnoselskii, The Operator of Translation Along Trajectories of Differential Equations, Transl. Math. Monographs, Providence, 19 (1968).
[19] F.X. Lescure, L. Bouadma, D. Nguyen, M. Parisey, P.H. Wicky, S. Behillil,
Y. Yazdanpanah, et al., Clinical and virological data of the first cases of
COVID-19 in Europe: A case series, The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 20,
No 6 (2020), 697-706.
[20] G. Marchuk, Mathematical Modelling of Immune Response in Infectious
Diseases, Kluwer Academic Publishers (1997).
[21] R.H. Martin and H.L. Smith, Abstract functional differential equations
and reaction-diffusion syastems, Trans. of the Amer. Math. Soc., 21, No 1
(1990).
[22] R.H. Martin and H.L. Smith, Reaction-diffusion systems with time delays: Monotonicity, invariance and convergence, Journal fur die Reine und
Angewandte Mathematik, 413 (1991), 1-35.
[23] H. Matano, Existence of nontrivial unstable sets for equilibriums of
strongly order preserving systems, J. of the Fac. Sci., the Univ.of Tokyo,
30 (1984), 645-673.
[24] A.K. McElroy, R.S. Akondy, D.R. Mcllwain, H. Chen, Z. Bjornson-Hooper,
N. Mukherjee,..., and C.F. Spiropoulou, Immunologic timeline of Ebola
virus disease and recovery in humans, JCI Insight, 5, No 10 (2020).
[25] C. Melenotte, et al., Immune responses during COVID-19 infection, Oncoimmunology, 9, No 1 (2020), 1807836.
[26] M. Muller, Uber das Fundamental theorem in der Theorie der gewohnlichen Differentialgleichungen (German), Mathematische Zeitschrift, 26,
No 1 (1927), 619-645.
[27] L. Musey, et al., Cytotoxic T cell responses, viral load and disease progression in early HIV-type 1 infection, N. Engl. J. Med, 337, (1997), 1267-1274.
[28] M.A. Nowak and C.R.M. Bangham, Population dynamics of immune response to persitent viruses. Seinece, New Ser., 272 (1996), 74-79.