EXPERIMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE SOLAR ENERGY POTENTIAL IN THE GULF OF LIBYA

Abstract

Libya's Gulf of Libya, comprising coastal cities such as Tripoli, Benghazi, and Misrata, is geographically suited to harness solar energy due to its high irradiance and extended sunshine period. This study provides an experimental assessment of solar energy potential in this region, utilizing climatic data, direct solar radiation measurements, and economic feasibility analyses in order to establish the potential for solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) systems. Evidence from NASA's renewable energy database (2000–2022) and local meteorological stations in Tripoli provides data on global horizontal irradiance (GHI) and direct normal irradiance (DNI), with a range of average solar radiation of 6.0–7.5 kWh/m²/day and summer peaks. The evidence is supported by experimental measurement using a Class A pyranometer, providing a strong argument for the viability of the region to accommodate large-scale solar schemes. Economic feasibility analyses, conducted using RETScreen and System Advisor Model (SAM), reveal a levelized cost of energy (LCOE) of $0.05/kWh for a 10 MW PV plant, which is comparable to conventional energy sources. Barriers in the form of dust deposition, absence of infrastructure, and policy gaps are brought up, as well as opportunities like international cooperation and Libya's proximity to the European energy market. It suggests the development of a solid meteorological network, financial incentives, and technical training. This study demonstrates the prospects of the Gulf of Libya to become a regional leader in solar energy, opening up sustainable energy development and economic diversification.