TOTAL PD MEAN EDGE-BALANCED LABELING OF GRAPHS

Abstract

We propose Total PD Mean Edge-Balanced Labeling (TPD-labeling) as a flexible graph labeling framework that extends product division mean cordial labeling. In contrast to classical cordial labeling schemes, which require balance in both vertex and edge labels, the proposed approach enforces balance only on the induced edge labels, while allowing vertex labels to remain unrestricted.